In the hills of central Italy, shepherds have long relied on big white dogs to live among their flocks and keep wolves away. The Maremma Sheepdog, known in Italy as the Cane da Pastore Maremmano-Abruzzese, blends dogs from the Maremma coast and the Abruzzo mountains, whose seasonal livestock drives mixed the two types. It is a large, powerful livestock guardian with a harsh, mostly white coat, a thick collar of hair around the neck and a calm, watchful expression. Today it also guards farms worldwide, and in Australia it famously protects a colony of little penguins from foxes.
Maremmas tend to be devoted, independent and quietly protective, deterring predators mainly through presence and barking. Those same traits make them a challenging companion for typical homes: they need space, secure fencing, socialization, patience with a strong-willed nature and tolerance for nighttime barking.