Finland's Karelian Bear Dog is a medium-sized Nordic spitz developed from hunting dogs of the Karelia region, and formally established as a breed in 1936. Its job was to find elk and bear, hold them at bay and bark until the hunter arrived. The result is a sturdy, black-and-white dog with erect ears, a dense double coat, a tail curled over the back and remarkably sharp senses, especially smell.
Karelians tend to be bold, independent and self-assured, usually friendly or politely reserved with people but often intolerant of other dogs and small animals. That combination has also made them useful in wildlife management, where trained dogs teach bears to keep away from towns. In a home, many need hard daily exercise, secure fencing, patient training and an owner prepared to manage strong prey drive and frequent barking.