Cavaliers trace back to the small toy spaniels painted in portraits of England's King Charles II. In the 1920s, an American named Roswell Eldridge offered prize money at Crufts for dogs of the old type with longer noses, and the breed was revived. Britain recognized it in 1944 and the American Kennel Club in 1995. Adults weigh 13 to 18 pounds and wear a silky coat in Blenheim, tricolor, ruby or black and tan.
Most Cavaliers are gentle, affectionate and adaptable, and many get along with children, other dogs and cats. They make loving companions rather than guard dogs. The trade-off is health: nearly all develop mitral valve heart disease eventually, and many have a skull malformation linked to syringomyelia. Dogs vary, but it's smart to budget for veterinary care from the start.