The American Water Spaniel was developed in 19th-century Wisconsin from Irish Water Spaniel, English Water Spaniel, Curly-Coated Retriever and other stock, as a compact boat dog that could flush birds and retrieve from cold water. It's Wisconsin's state dog and still uncommon. At 25 to 45 pounds, with an oily, curly double coat in liver, brown or chocolate, it's sturdy without being large.
These dogs bond closely with their families, can be reserved with strangers and are often slow to mature, sometimes staying puppyish until two or three. They can also be stubborn and sensitive, so patient training matters. Sidewalk crowds, elevators and sirens make early socialization especially useful in NYC, and the coat needs regular brushing.