The English Bulldog, listed by the AKC simply as the Bulldog, descends from the Old English Bulldog, a fighting dog used for bull-baiting until England outlawed the sport in 1835. It was reshaped into a companion that kept the massive head, loose wrinkled skin and low, wide body but gained a much gentler disposition. Adults are medium-sized, usually 40 to 55 pounds, and live about 7 to 10 years.
Many Bulldogs are calm, affectionate and good-humored, content with short walks and long naps near their people, though each dog varies. The flat face brings real trade-offs: breathing trouble, poor heat tolerance, skin-fold infections and joint problems are common, and vet bills can be significant. Plan on weight control, climate-controlled living and a veterinarian familiar with flat-faced breeds.