Belgian farmers once kept a varied mix of herding dogs, and in 1891 a breed club and Professor Adolphe Reul sorted them into one breed with four coat types: the long black Groenendael, the long fawn Tervuren, the short fawn Malinois and the rough-coated Laekenois. Most registries still treat them as one breed, while the American Kennel Club recognizes four, calling the Groenendael the Belgian Sheepdog. All share a square, elegant frame, upright ears and a proud head carriage.
These dogs are typically intense, watchful and deeply devoted to their people, with a drive to work that made them famous as police, military and sport dogs. That same drive means most need serious daily exercise, structured training and plenty to think about. In capable, engaged homes many are affectionate and responsive companions, but they rarely settle for a quiet, sedentary life.