The English Bulldog descends from the Old English Bulldog, a fierce dog used for bull-baiting until England outlawed the sport in 1835. It was then remade into a companion that kept the massive head, loose wrinkled skin, undershot jaw and low, wide body but had a far gentler disposition. Many Bulldogs today are calm, affectionate and good-humored, though temperament varies from dog to dog.
The flat face comes with trade-offs: breathing trouble, poor heat tolerance, skin-fold infections and joint problems are common, and vet bills can be significant. In Richmond, that means planning around humid summers with reliable air conditioning, keeping a Bulldog lean, and finding a veterinarian who knows flat-faced breeds. Adults weigh roughly 40 to 55 pounds, so they're easy to manage in a small home.