Dalmatians take their name from Dalmatia, on Croatia's Adriatic coast, but the breed took its working shape in England as a coach dog, trotting beside horse-drawn carriages and guarding stables. Firehouses later adopted them, which is why the spotted dog still rides on fire engines. They're medium-sized and muscular, with a sleek white coat marked by black or liver spots. Puppies are born white, and the spots come in over the first weeks.
That carriage-running background explains the personality. Many Dalmatians are energetic, outgoing and devoted to their people, while some are reserved with strangers. Where daily exercise mostly means leashed walks, that stamina matters more than the looks. Expect heavy shedding all year, and know that deafness and urinary stones are well-known in the breed, which shapes diet, water habits and vet care.