Golden Retrievers were developed in the Scottish Highlands in the late 1800s as gun dogs, built to retrieve birds gently over rough ground and cold water. The dense, water-repellent double coat, feathered legs and soft expression all come from that work. Adults usually weigh 55 to 75 pounds and stand 21 to 24 inches tall.
Many Goldens are warm, patient and eager to please, which is why the breed turns up as guide, therapy and assistance dogs. They mature slowly, often staying exuberant and mouthy for two or three years, and they shed heavily. Some Goldens are higher-energy than others, and some are shy or anxious. The breed's cancer risk is worth understanding before you adopt, and a calmer senior can be a lovely fit for a quieter home.