Golden Retrievers were developed in the Scottish Highlands in the late 1800s by Lord Tweedmouth, who wanted a gun dog that could retrieve birds gently over rough ground and cold water. The dense, water-repellent double coat, feathered legs and soft expression come from that work. Males usually weigh 65 to 75 pounds and females 55 to 65.
Many Goldens are warm, patient and eager to please, which is why they work as family companions and as guide, therapy and assistance dogs. They mature slowly, often staying exuberant and mouthy for two or three years. In Springfield, where a cold winter follows a humid summer, that coat gets a real workout, and weekly brushing keeps the shedding manageable. Dogs vary, so an adult Golden's energy and calm depend on the dog.