Golden Retrievers were developed in the Scottish Highlands in the late 1800s as gun dogs that could retrieve birds over rough ground and cold water. The dense, water-repellent double coat, feathered legs and soft expression all trace back to that work. Adults usually weigh 55 to 75 pounds, and the coat sheds heavily all year, with bigger blowouts in spring and fall.
Many Goldens are warm, patient and eager to please, which is why the breed shows up so often as guide, therapy and assistance dogs. They mature slowly and can stay exuberant and mouthy for two or three years. Daily exercise, steady training and regular brushing are part of the deal, along with understanding the breed's cancer risk. Seniors can be a calm, rewarding match for quieter households.