Golden Retrievers came out of the Scottish Highlands in the late 1800s, where Lord Tweedmouth crossed a yellow Flat-coated Retriever with a Tweed Water Spaniel to create a gun dog that retrieved birds gently over rough ground and cold water. The dense, water-repellent double coat, feathered legs and soft expression all trace back to that work.
Many Goldens are warm, patient and eager to please, which is why they also serve as guide, therapy and assistance dogs. They mature slowly, often staying exuberant and mouthy for two or three years, and they shed heavily year-round. Cancer risk is well documented in the breed, so it's worth understanding before you adopt. Adult and senior Goldens are often calmer and just as affectionate.