Tortoiseshell is a coat pattern rather than a breed. A tortie's coat blends black-based and orange-based colors in patches or a fine mottle, usually with little white; a cat with large white areas is a calico. Dilute torties show soft gray and cream, and torbies add tabby stripes. Because the orange gene sits on the X chromosome, nearly all tortoiseshells are female.
Most torties are domestic shorthairs, though the pattern also appears in Persians, Maine Coons and British Shorthairs. The reputation for tortitude is mostly folklore, backed by little more than owner impressions, so a cat's age, history and socialization say far more about personality than color. In Gilbert, coat length matters more for daily care than color does, since longhaired torties need more brushing.